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1 Laboratoire de Microbiologie Institut Français de Recherche Scientifique pour le Développement en Coopération (ORSTOM), Université de Provence CESB-ESIL. 13288 Marseille Cedex 9, France
2 Laboratoire de Biologie des Sols et des Sédiments Continentaux, Université Paris Val de Marne, 94010 Créteil Cedex, France
4 Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Université René Descartes, Faculté de Pharmacie, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
5 Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Université Blaise Pascal, 63177 Aubière Cedex, France
3 Faculty of Science and Technology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Laboratoire de Microbiologie ORSTOM, CESB-ESIL, Case 925, 163 avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille Cedex 9, France. Phone: 33.91.82.85.76. Fax: 33.91.82.85.70. Electronic mail address: garcia{at}orstom.esil.univ-mrs.fr.
ABSTRACT
A new chemoorganotrophic bacterium, strain SYRT (T = type strain), was isolated from the digestive tract of the wood-feeding termite Nasutitermes lujae. This organism was a slightly curved spore-forming rod-shaped bacterium. It had a gram-positive-type cell wall and was obligately anaerobic. It grew exclusively on a limited range of methylated aromatic compounds including 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamate (TMC), sinapate (3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxycinnamate), 3,4-dimethoxycinnamate, 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate, ferulate, syringate (3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxybenzoate), and vanillate (4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoate) but not on carbohydrates, alcohols, or fatty acids. The isolate required yeast extract for growth. Strain SYRT grew optimally between 32 and 35°C and at pH values between 6.7 and 7.2, with NaCl concentrations from 0 to 5 g · liter-1, on TMC with a doubling time of about 25 h. During growth on TMC in the presence of sulfide or cysteine, dimethyl sulfide and acetate were produced, whereas methanethiol was an intermediary product of metabolism. The ring of the methoxylated aromatic compound was cleaved. The DNA base composition was 57 mol% guanine plus cytosine. Comparative 16S rRNA sequence analysis indicated that strain SYRT was distantly related to Eubacterium desmolans and Eubacterium plautii. On the basis of its distinct phylogenetic position and physiological properties, strain SYRT has been designated a new species of a new genus, Sporobacter termitidis gen. nov., sp. nov. (= DSM 10068T).
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