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Int J Syst Bacteriol 44 (1994), 812-826; DOI 10.1099/00207713-44-4-812
© 1994 Society for General Microbiology
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The Phylogeny of the Genus Clostridium: Proposal of Five New Genera and Eleven New Species Combinations

M. D. COLLINS1, P. A. LAWSON1,*, A. WILLEMS1, J. J. CORDOBA1, J. FERNANDEZ-GARAYZABAL1, P. GARCIA1, J. CAI1, H. HIPPE2 and J. A. E. FARROW1

1Institute of Food Research, Department of Microbiology, Earley Gate, Reading RG6 2EF, United Kingdom
2Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Institute of Food Research, Reading Laboratory, Earley Gate, Whiteknights Road, Reading RG6 2EF, United Kingdom. Phone: (0734) 357226. Fax: (0734) 267917.

ABSTRACT

The 16S rRNA gene sequences of 34 named and unnamed clostridial strains were determined by PCR direct sequencing and were compared with more than 80 previously determined clostridial sequences and the previously published sequences of representative species of other low- G+C-content gram-positive genera, thereby providing an almost complete picture of the genealogical interrelationships of the clostridia. The results of our phylogenetic analysis corroborate and extend previous findings in showing that the genus Clostridium is extremely heterogeneous, with many species phylogenetically intermixed with other sporeforming and non-sporeforming genera. The genus Clostridium is clearly in need of major revision, and the rRNA structures defined in this and previous studies may provide a sound basis for future taxonomic restructuring. The problems and different possibilities for restructuring are discussed in light of the phenotypic and phylogenetic data, and a possible hierarchical structure for the clostridia and their close relatives is presented. On the basis of phenotypic criteria and the results of phylogenetic analyses the following five new genera and 11 new combinations are proposed: Caloramator gen. nov., with Caloramator fervidus comb. nov.; Filifactor gen. nov., with Filifactor villosus comb. nov.; Moorella gen. nov., with Moorella thermoacetica comb. nov. and Moorella thermoautotrophica comb. nov.; Oxobacter gen. nov., with Oxobacter pfennigii comb. nov.; Oxalophagus gen. nov., with Oxalophagus oxalicus comb. nov.; Eubacterium barkeri comb. nov.; Paenibacillus durum comb. nov.; Thermoanaerobacter kivui comb. nov.; Thermoanaerobacter thermocopriae comb. nov.; and Thermoanerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum comb. nov.




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S. M. Finegold, D. Molitoris, M.-L. Vaisanen, Y. Song, C. Liu, and M. Bolanos
In Vitro Activities of OPT-80 and Comparator Drugs against Intestinal Bacteria
Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., December 1, 2004; 48(12): 4898 - 4902.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Appl. Environ. Microbiol.Home page
T. Matsuki, K. Watanabe, J. Fujimoto, T. Takada, and R. Tanaka
Use of 16S rRNA Gene-Targeted Group-Specific Primers for Real-Time PCR Analysis of Predominant Bacteria in Human Feces
Appl. Envir. Microbio