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Haloanaerobium salsugo sp. nov., a Moderately Halophilic, Anaerobic Bacterium from a Subterranean Brine

¹ Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019
² The Moshe Shilo Center for Marine Biogeochemistry and the Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
³ The Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801

^* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Botany and Microbiology, 770 Van Vleet Oval, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019-0245. Phone: (405) 325-6050. Fax: (405) 325-7619.

ABSTRACT

A strictly anaerobic, moderately halophilic, gram-negative bacterium was isolated from a highly saline oil field brine. The bacterium was a non-spore-forming, nonmotile rod, appearing singly, in pairs, or occasionally as long chains, and measured 0.3 to 0.4 by 2.6 to 4 µm. The bacterium had a specific requirement for NaCl and grew at NaCl concentrations of between 6 and 24%, with optimal growth at 9% NaCl. The isolate grew at temperatures of between 22 and 51°C and pH values of between 5.6 and 8.0. The doubling time in a complex medium containing 10% NaCl was 9 h. Growth was inhibited by chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and penicillin but not by cycloheximide or azide. Fermentable substrates were predominantly carbohydrates. The end products of glucose fermentation were acetate, ethanol, CO₂, and H₂. The major components of the cellular fatty acids were C_14:0, C_16:0, C_16:1, and C_17:0cyc acids. The DNA base composition of the isolate was 34 mol % G+C. Oligonucleotide catalog and sequence analyses of the 16S rRNA showed that strain VS-752^T was most closely related to Haloanaerobium praevalens GSL^T (ATCC 33744), the sole member of the genus Haloanaerobium. We propose that strain VS-752 (ATCC 51327) be established as the type strain of a new species, Haloanaerobium salsugo, in the genus Haloanaerobium.