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1 Division of Biologics, Public Health Laboratory Service, Centre for Applied Microbiology and Research, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, England
2 Division of Biotechnology, Public Health Laboratory Service, Centre for Applied Microbiology and Research, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, England
* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Anthrax Section, Division of Biologics, PHLS Centre for Applied Microbiology and Research, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, United Kingdom. Phone: 0980 612372. Fax: 0980 610898.
ABSTRACT
Variation among isolates of Bacillus anthracis was examined by using restriction fragmentation patterns and the PCR performed with arbitrary and sequence-specific oligonucleotide primers. The patterns were compared with the patterns generated from strains of closely related species belonging to the "Bacillus cereus group" of bacteria, including B. cereus, Bacillus thuringiensis, and Bacillus mycoides. All B. anthracis profiles were identical for each of 18 restriction enzymes, each of 10 arbitrary PCR primers, and a repetitive extragenic palindrome-specific PCR primer. The PCR profiles generated with a coliphage M13-based primer exhibited slight pattern variation in a 400- to 500-bp band region. The B. anthracis profiles were unique compared with the profiles of the other species examined. In these other species, strain-to-strain variations were observed. Our results showed that isolates of B. anthracis are almost completely homogeneous, indicating a clonal lineage, and are distinct from other members of the B. cereus group and that B. anthracis, as a species in its own right, may have evolved only relatively recently.
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