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1Department of Biology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5934, and Botanisches Institut, Mikrobiologie, Universität Tübingen, D-7400 Tübingen, Germany
2Department of Biochemical and Biophysical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5934, and Botanisches Institut, Mikrobiologie, Universität Tübingen, D-7400 Tübingen, Germany
3University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5934, and Botanisches Institut, Mikrobiologie, Universität Tübingen, D-7400 Tübingen, Germany
* Corresponding author.
ABSTRACT
Comparative 16S rRNA (rDNA) sequence analyses performed on the thermophilic Bacillus species Bacillus acidocaldarius, Bacillus acidoterrestris, and Bacillus cycloheptanicus revealed that these organisms are sufficiently different from the traditional Bacillus species to warrant reclassification in a new genus, Alicyclobacillus gen. nov. An analysis of 16S rRNA sequences established that these three thermoacidophiles cluster in a group that differs markedly from both the obligately thermophilic organism Bacillus stearother-mophilus and the facultatively thermophilic organism Bacillus coagulans, as well as many other common mesophilic and thermophilic Bacillus species. The thermoacidophilic Bacillus species B. acidocaldarius, B. acidoterrestris, and B. cycloheptanicus also are unique in that they possess 
-alicylic fatty acid as the major natural membranous lipid component, which is a rare phenotype that has not been found in any other Bacillus species characterized to date. This phenotype, along with the 16S rRNA sequence data, suggests that these thermoacidophiles are biochemically and genetically unique and supports the proposal that they should be reclassified in the new genus Alicyclobacillus.
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