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Stygiolobus azoricus gen. nov., sp. nov. Represents a Novel Genus of Anaerobic, Extremely Thermoacidophilic Archaebacteria of the Order Sulfolobales

¹Lehrstuhl für Mikrobiologie, Universität Regensburg, D-8400 Regensburg, Federal Republic of Germany
²Instituto per la Chimica di Molecole di Interesse Biologico del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, I-80072-Arco Felice, Naples, Italy

^* Corresponding author.

ABSTRACT

On the basis of three isolates (strains FC6^T [T = type strain], FC4, and RG1) of extremely thermophilic chemolithoautotrophic archaebacteria obtained from solfataric fields on ão Miguel Island, Azores, the new genus Stygiolobus is described. These isolates grow obligately chemolithotrophically by reduction of S⁰ with H₂ (H₂-S⁰ lithotrophy) and are the first strictly anaerobic members of the order Sulfolobales. With a DNA G+C content of 38 mol%, the Stygiolobus isolates resemble Sulfolobus spp., which, however, are faculatively organotrophic and aerobic S⁰ oxidizers. The new isolates are also distinct from Acidianus spp., which resemble Stygiolobus by growing by H₂-S⁰ lithotrophy. However, Acidianus spp. can also grow aerobically by S⁰ oxidation and have G+C contents of 31 mol%. At this time, only one species of the genus Stygiolobus is known, Stygiolobus azoricus sp. nov.; the type strain of S. azoricus is strain FC6 (= DSM 6296).

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