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Wolinella recta, Wolinella curva, Bacteroides ureolyticus, and Bacteroides gracilis Are Microaerophiles, Not Anaerobes

¹Microbiology and Immunology Section, Department of Biology, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061
²Department of Anaerobic Microbiology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061

^* Corresponding author.

ABSTRACT

Although the nonfermentative, asaccharolytic, putative anaerobes Wolinella curva, Wolinella recta, Bacteroides ureolyticus, and Bacteroides gracilis are phylogenetically related to the true campylobacters, the type strains of these species exhibited O₂-dependent microaerophilic growth in brucella broth and on brucella agar. The optimum O₂ levels for growth of these strains ranged from 4 to 14% in brucella broth and from 2 to 8% on brucella agar, when H₂ was provided as the electron donor. No growth occurred under 21% O₂, and scant or no growth occurred under anaerobic conditions unless fumarate or nitrate was provided as a terminal electron acceptor. Aspartate, asparagine, and malate also served as apparent electron acceptors. The organisms were catalase negative and, except for B. gracilis, oxidase positive. Catalase added to brucella broth enhanced growth. O₂ uptake by all species was inhibited by cyanide and 2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline N-oxide. We concluded that these organisms are not anaerobes but instead are microaerophiles, like their campylobacter relatives.

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